A2A Protocol: How AI Agents Talk to Each Other

The Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol is an open standard by Google for AI agents to discover, communicate, and collaborate across platforms and frameworks.

What is the A2A Protocol?

The Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol is an open standard introduced by Google that enables AI agents to discover each other's capabilities, communicate, and collaborate — regardless of which framework or platform they're built on.

A2A solves a critical problem: as organizations deploy multiple AI agents (from different vendors, built with different frameworks), these agents need a standard way to work together.

A2A vs MCP

MCP (Model Context Protocol) by Anthropic: Standardizes how LLMs connect to tools and data sources. Think of it as the USB port for AI tools.

A2A by Google: Standardizes how agents communicate with each other. Think of it as the HTTP for AI agents.

They're complementary: MCP = agent ↔ tool communication A2A = agent ↔ agent communication

A production system might use both: MCP to connect agents to databases and APIs, A2A to coordinate between agents.

How A2A Works

1. Agent Cards — each agent publishes a JSON description of its capabilities 2. Discovery — agents find each other via a registry or direct URL 3. Task delegation — one agent sends a task request to another 4. Streaming responses — the receiving agent streams results back 5. Artifact exchange — agents share structured data, files, or results

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is A2A the same as MCP?

No. MCP (Anthropic) is for connecting AI to tools/data. A2A (Google) is for agent-to-agent communication. They solve different problems and can be used together.

Should I use A2A or MCP?

Use MCP to give your agent access to tools and databases. Use A2A when you have multiple agents that need to collaborate. Most production systems will eventually use both.

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